Cell Cycle Assay

Drug resistance limits the therapeutic efficacy in cancers and leads to tumor recurrence through ill-defined mechanisms. Glioblastoma (GBM) are the deadliest brain tumors in adults. GBM, at diagnosis or after treatment, are resistant to temozolomide (TMZ), the standard chemotherapy. To...

Chondrosarcomas are chemo- and radiotherapy resistant and frequently harbor mutations in isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH1 or IDH2), causing increased levels of D-2-hydroxyglutarate (D-2-HG). DNA repair defects and synthetic lethality with poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibition occur in IDH mutant glioma and leukemia...

Chondrosarcomas are malignant cartilage tumors that are relatively resistant towards conventional therapeutic approaches. Kinase inhibitors have been investigated and shown successful for several different cancer types. In this study we aimed at identifying kinase inhibitors that inhibit the survival of...

Purpose: Pseudomyogenic hemangioendothelioma (PHE) is an extremely rare locally aggressive neoplasm with endothelial differentiation, which often presents with multiple lesions. These tumors have characteristic SERPINE1-FOSB fusions. We report a 17 years old patient with advanced unresectable PHE with a durable...

Several studies on the impact of cell culture parameters on the profile of host cell protein (HCP) impurities have been carried out in shake flasks. Herein, we explore how transferable the findings and conclusions of such investigations are to lab-scale...

Bortezomib (BOZ) is a proteasome inhibitor chemotherapeutic agent utilized to treat multiple myeloma and recently offered to cure melanoma. Bortezomib-induced neuropathy is one of the dose-limiting side-effects, which can be treated with antioxidants (e.g. alpha-lipoic acid-ALA and Vitamin B1-vit B1)....

Epigenetic alterations may contribute to the generation of cancer cells in a multi-step process of tumorigenesis following irradiation of normal body cells. Primary human fibroblasts with intact Cell Cycle Assay checkpoints were used as a model to test whether X-ray...

Culture-expanded mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) are promising candidates for clinical cell-based therapies. MSC products are heterogeneous and we therefore investigated whether acoustophoresis, an ultrasound-based separation technology, could be used for the label-free enrichment of functionally different MSC populations. Acoustophoresis uses...

Levan is an exopolysaccharide produced by Bacillus licheniformis (strain FRI MY-55) that shows promising pharmacological activity. Phosphorylation is a chemical modification that can increase the biological and antioxidant properties of levan. In this study, levan was phosphorylated by microwave-assisted synthesis...

Bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) proteins, a class of epigenetic reader domains has emerged as a promising new target class for small molecule drug discovery for the treatment of cancer, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases. Starting from in silico screening campaign, herein...

A major challenge in downstream purification of monoclonal antibodies (mAb) is the removal of host cell proteins (HCPs). Previous studies have shown that cell culture conditions significantly impact the HCP content at harvest. However, it is currently unclear how process...

Adipose tissue plays an active role in the regulation of the body´s energy balance. Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells from adipose tissue (adMSC) are the precursor cells for repair and adipogenesis. Since the balance of the differentiation state of adipose tissue-resident cells...

Despite intense interest in human mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs), monitoring of the progressive occurrence of senescence has been hindered by the lack of efficient detection tools. Here, the discovery of a novel MSC senescence-specific fluorescent probe (CyBC9) identified by a...

Doxycycline is a semisynthetic, second generation tetracycline. Currently, it is used, among others, in the treatment of acne and skin infections. Moreover, doxycycline has many valuable nonantibiotic properties, including anti-inflammatory, immunosuppressive and anticancer effects. Recent studies showed that the drug...

Environmental factors, particularly xenoestrogens adversely affect reproductive health and their main mechanism is based on steroid-signaling pathway alterations. The presence of bisphenol A (BPA) in the environment has been confirmed and it is about to be replaced by analogues such...

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most common and high aggressive malignant brain tumor. Despite evolving oncology treatment and novel chemotherapeutic agents the median survival of patients diagnosed with GBM is only 12-15 months. This grim fact highlights necessity to identify...

Cultured human lung epithelial cells, particularly A549 cells, are commonly used as the in vitro model to evaluate the inhalational toxicity of nanoparticles (NPs). However, A549 cells are cancer cells that might not reflect the response of normal tissues to...

2,4,6-Trinitrotoluene (TNT) has been widely used as an explosive substance and its toxicity is still of interest as it persisted in polluted areas. TNT is metabolized in hepatocytes which are prone to its toxicity. Since analysis of the human liver...

Nanomaterials (NM) exhibit novel physicochemical properties that determine their interaction with biological substrates and processes. Recent nano-technological advances are leading to wide usage of metallic nanoparticles (NPs) in various fields. However, the increasing use of NPs has led to their...

Purpose: Prognosis for acute myeloid leukemia (AML) patients is poor, particularly in TP53 mutated AML, secondary, relapsed, and refractory AML, and in patients unfit for intensive treatment, thus highlighting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The combined use of...

Spitzoid melanoma is a rare malignancy with histological characteristics similar to Spitz nevus. It has a diverse genetic background and in adults, a similarly grim clinical outcome as conventional malignant melanoma. We established a spitzoid melanoma cell line (PF130) from...

Malignant melanoma is the cause of 80% of deaths in skin cancer patients. Treatment of melanoma in the 4th stage of clinical advancement, in which inoperable metastasis occur, does not provide sufficient effects. Ketoprofen has phototoxic properties and it can...

The most important biological function of vitamin B12 is to accomplish DNA synthesis, which is necessary for cell division. Cobalamin deficiency may be especially acute for rapidly dividing cells, such as glioblastoma cells. Therefore, cobalamin antagonists offer a medicinal potential...

A series of thiosemicarbazone derivatives was prepared and their anti-tumor activity in vitro was tested. The X-ray investigation performed for compounds T2, T3 and T5 confirmed the synthesis pathway and assumed molecular structures of analyzed thiosemicarbazones. The conformational preferences of...

While papillary thyroid cancer (PTC) has largely favorable prognosis, anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is a rare but extremely aggressive malignancy with grim clinical outcome. Even though new therapeutic options are emerging for ATC, additional preclinical models and novel combinations are...

Melanoma, the most dangerous type of cutaneous neoplasia, contributes to about 75% of all skin cancer-related deaths. Thus, searching for new melanoma treatment options is an important field of study. The current study was designed to assess whether the condition...

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell neoplasm that remains incurable due to innate or acquired resistance. Although MM cells produce high intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS), we hypothesised that they could remain sensitive to ROS unbalance. We...

Propolis and Bacopa monnieri (L.) Wettst. (Brahmi) are natural products that contain many active substances and possess anticancer properties. The aim of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of Polish propolis extract (PPE) by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS),...

hiosemicarbazide is a useful structural moiety that has the biological potential. Optimization of this structure can result in groundbreaking discovery of a new class of therapeutic agents. In the light of this, 1-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetyl-4-(1-naphthyl)thiosemicarbazide (1) and 1,4-bis[(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetylthiosemicarbazide]phenyl (2) were synthesized and...

Thyroid cancer is the most commonly diagnosed endocrine cancer. Anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) is the most aggressive type of thyroid cancer and has a poor prognosis. Loss of p53 function has been reported to lead to poorly differentiated thyroid tumors;...

The Marrubium genus (horehound) has proved to be an abundant source of biologically active compounds, but there is little knowledge about its potential anticancer activity. Moreover, some Marrubium species have not been the subject of study in this regard. In...

Mcl-1 is a potent antiapoptotic protein and amplifies frequently in many human cancer. Currently, it is considered that the extensively expressed of Mcl-1 protein in melanoma cells is associated with rapid tumor progression, poor prognosis and low chemosensitivity. Therefore, the...

Mcl-1 is a potent antiapoptotic protein which is amplified in many human cancer, while microphthalmia associated transcription factor (MITF) promotes cell proliferation and has pro-survival role. The study was designed to examine whether the interaction between ciprofloxacin, one of the...

Bisphosphonates, despite proven antitumor effect in vitro in many tumor types, are currently used only for treatment of osteoporosis and bone metastasis. Colorectal cancer is the third most commonly diagnosed type of cancer and lacks targeted therapy for RAS or...

Malignant melanoma is a high aggressive malignancy in humans and causes 60-80% of deaths from skin cancer. Defect in an intrinsic pathway of apoptosis via overexpression of Mcl-1 is responsible for malignant melanoma development and progression, and also for resistance...

Oncogenic receptor tyrosine kinases including anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) are implicated in numerous solid and hematologic cancers. ALK mutations are reported in an estimated 9% of neuroblastoma and recent reports indicate that the percentage of ALK-positive cases increases in the...

Cisplatin is a widely used anti-cancer agent. However, the effectiveness of cisplatin has been limited by the commonly developed drug resistance. This study aimed to investigate the potential effects of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to overcome drug resistance using the...

Fluoxetine has been shown to induce anti-tumour activity. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of fluoxetine on HCT116+/+ and p53 gene-depleted HCT116-/- human colorectal cancer cells and the mechanisms, including potential p53-dependence, of its action. Fluoxetine-induced...

2-Hydroxy-3′,5,5′-trimethoxychalcone (named DK-139) is a synthetic chalcone derivative that has anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and endoplasmic reticulum-mediated apoptosis activities. However, the mode of action of DK-139 on reactive oxygen species (ROS)-induced apoptosis remains unknown. In this study, we found that DK-139 activated...

Carbon nanomaterials, include carbon nanotubes and graphene nanosheets, have drawn an increasing amount of attention because of their potential applications in daily life or in providing novel therapeutic possibilities for treating diseases. However, the overall biocompatibility, the potential toxic effects...

Ovarian cancer represents the seventh most commonly diagnosed cancer worldwide. Herein, we report on the development of a withaferin A (WA)-silyl ether library with 30 analogues reported for the first time. Cytotoxicity assays on human epithelial ovarian carcinoma cisplatin-sensitive and...

Fluoroquinolones were shown to be cytotoxic towards various cancer cell lines, thus representing a potentially important source of new anticancer agents. The aim of the present study was to examine the effect of moxifloxacin on cell viability, redox balance and...

Human DNA topoisomerases (Topos) are essential nuclear enzyme whose level of expression is potential indicator for prediction of responsive result of chemotherapy. Topos has become a key cellular target for most of the anticancer agents that regulates topological problems of...

Fluoroquinolones are a known synthetic group of antibiotics that have been the subject of many research interests. This class of antibiotics was shown to be cytotoxic towards various cancer cell lines, thus representing a potentially important source of new anticancer...

Background: Doxorubicin is commonly using chemotherapeutic agents for breast cancer. However, doxorubicin has limitations in clinical use because of dose-dependent cardiotoxicity and drug resistance. Despite of previously reported studies about mechanisms of doxorubicin resistance including overexpression of P-gp and abnormal...

Background: Low effectiveness of anti-melanoma therapies makes it necessary to search for new drugs that could improve or replace the standard chemotherapy. Fluoroquinolones are a group of synthetic antibiotics, used in the treatment of wide range of bacterial infections. Moreover,...

Ovarian high-grade serous carcinoma (HGSC) is the most lethal gynecological malignancy. Prevailing evidences suggest that drug resistance and recurrence of ovarian HGSC are caused by the presence of cancer stem cells. Therefore, targeting cancer stems is appealing, however, all attempts...

Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common cancers and causes of cancer-related death worldwide. In patients with CRC, metastasis is a crucial problem that leads to treatment failure and is the primary cause of the lethality of...

Background/aim: AZD8055 is an inhibitor of mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) that can suppress both mTOR complex 1 (mTORC1) and mTORC2. This study investigated the antitumor effects of AZD8055 on colon cancer. Materials and methods: The effects of AZD8055 on...

Background: Currently, there are no available targeted therapy options for non-V600 BRAF mutated tumors. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of RAF and MEK concurrent inhibition on tumor growth, migration, signaling and apoptosis induction in preclinical...

The synthetic chalcone derivative 2-hydroxy-3′,5,5′-trimenthoxyochalcone (named DK-139) exhibits anti-inflammatory and anti-tumor invasion properties. However, effects of DK-139 on tumor cell growth remain unknown. In the present study, we evaluated the inhibitory activity of DK-139 against human lung cancer cells. Treatment...

Prognosis for FLT3-ITD positive acute myeloid leukemia with high allelic ratio (>0.5) is poor, particularly in relapse, refractory to or unfit for intensive treatment, thus highlighting an unmet need for novel therapeutic approaches. The combined use of compounds targeting both...

Current chemotherapy and immunotherapy treatments followed by transurethral resection for urinary bladder urothelial carcinoma (UC) usually suffer from poor prognosis and high recurrence rate. Design and modification of current formulation with the novel adjuvants are needed. A recombinant protein derived...

Introduction: Mechanical force generated from the interstitial fluid flow inside and surrounding tissue has been known to play a significant role in cancer pathophysiology. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role of laminar shear stress (LSS) in modulating...

Despite improvement in our understanding of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) role in cancer, efforts to find clinically relevant cancer-associated lncRNAs are still lacking. Here, using nascent RNA capture sequencing, we identify 1145 temporally expressed S-phase-enriched lncRNAs. Among these, 570 lncRNAs...

Prostate cancer is a complex disease that can be relatively harmless or extremely aggressive. Although androgen-deprivation therapy is a commonly used treatment for men with prostate cancer, the adverse effects can be detrimental to patient health and quality of life....

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains one of the most difficult cancers to treat, with chemotherapies being relatively ineffective. Therefore, a better knowledge of molecular hepatocarcinogenesis will provide opportunities for designing targeted therapies. TPX2 (targeting protein for Xklp2) is overexpressed as a...

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) have the same immunosuppressive effects as M2 macrophages in tumor progression and are correlated with poor-patient prognosis and survival in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Therefore, TAMs are the potential targets for cancer therapy. Tumor necrosis factor-related...

Cancer represents one of the main causes of mortality in developed countries. In particular, the overall survival of patients with renal cell carcinoma (RCC) remains poor and the available cytostatic agents are insufficient. Therefore, there is an urgent requirement to...

Radiation therapy (RT) is the current standard adjuvant approach for oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) patients. Radioresistance is a major contributor to radiotherapy failure. In this study, we used patient-derived cells and a radiation-resistant cell line in vitro and in...

Background: MDM2 is a negative regulator of p53 and is upregulated in numerous human cancers. While different MDM2 splice variants have been observed in both normal tissues and malignant cells, their functions are poorly understood. Methods: We evaluated the effect...

Background: The murine double minute 2 (MDM2) is an oncogene and a negative regulator of the tumor suppressor protein p53. MDM2 is known to be amplified in numerous human cancers, and upregulation of MDM2 is considered to be an alternative...

Signaling pathways of VEGFs and PDGFs are crucial in tumor angiogenesis, which is essential in solid tumor progression and metastasis. This study reports our strategy for designing and synthesizing a series of novel 2-pyrrolidone-fused (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole derivatives as potential multi-target tyrosine...

Background: Tumor angiogenesis, essential for tumor growth and metastasis, is tightly regulated by VEGF/VEGFR and PDGF/PDGFR pathways, and therefore blocking those pathways is a promising therapeutic target. Compared to sunitinib, the C(5)-Br derivative of 2-pyrrolidone-fused (2-oxoindolin-3-ylidene)methylpyrrole has significantly greater in...

Aurora kinase A (AURKA) is essential for regulating mitosis and is frequently amplified in various cancer cell types. However, the effect of AURKA inhibition on the induction of apoptosis remains unclear. In the present study, it was reported that treatment...

The NucleoCounter NC-3000, a portable high-speed cell counting device based on the principle of fluorescence microscopy, provides the alternative method for standard flow cytometry. The main objective of the study was to apply an efficient technique for the assessment of...

We recently showed that the anti-helminthic compound mebendazole (MBZ) has immunomodulating activity in monocyte/macrophage models and induces ERK signalling. In the present study we investigated whether MBZ induced ERK activation is shared by other tubulin binding agents (TBAs) and if...

Genetic studies have identified several epithelial-derived genes associated with airway diseases. However, techniques used to study gene function frequently exceed the proliferative potential of primary human bronchial epithelial cells (HBECs) isolated from patients. Increased expression of the polycomb group protein...

Background: The replicative senescence of human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) is accompanied by growth arrest. In our previous study, the treatment of senescent HDFs with Rg3(S) lowered the intrinsic reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and reversed cellular senescence by inducing peroxiredoxin-3,...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate cellular communication through the transfer of active biomolecules, raising interest in using them as biological delivery vehicles for therapeutic drugs. For drug delivery applications, it is important to understand the intrinsic safety and toxicity liabilities of...

In the cell, γ-tubulin establishes a cellular network of threads named the γ-string meshwork. However, the functions of this meshwork remain to be determined. We investigated the traits of the meshwork and show that γ-strings have the ability to connect...

Cobalamin deficiency is an important health problem. The major non-hematological symptoms of hypocobalaminemia are nervous system disorders, but the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon have not yet been fully explained. Increasing scientific evidence is stressing the pivotal role...

The alkenylbenzene estragole (systematic name, 1-allyl-4-methoxybenzene) is a natural component of essential oils from various spices and herbs, including fennel, and it is used as a food and beverage flavouring agent. Estragole has been reported to be hepatocarcinogenic at high...

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) is a tyrosine kinase receptor that is a clinical target of major interest in cancer. Mutations and rearrangements in ALK trigger the activation of the encoded receptor and its downstream signaling pathways. ALK mutations have been...

Huntington disease is a fatal neurodegenerative disorder caused by a CAG repeat expansion in the gene encoding the huntingtin protein. Expression of the mutant protein disrupts various intracellular pathways and impairs overall cell function. In particular striatal neurons seem to...

GATA transcription factors and their FOG cofactors play a key role in tissue-specific development and differentiation, from worms to humans. Mammals have six GATA and two FOG factors. We recently demonstrated that interactions between retinoblastoma protein (pRb) and GATA-1 are...